Bucida spinosa (Compact Black Olive Tree)

Why We Love It

Refined and architectural, Bucida spinosa (often sold as the “Compact Black Olive”) embodies the beauty of controlled growth. Its naturally tiered branching habit and small, glossy leaves give it a sculptural form that recalls a miniature shade tree — part bonsai, part tropical canopy. For collectors, this species represents a living study in proportion and texture: dense foliage, elegant internodes, and a branching pattern that seems designed for contemplation.

Botanical Notes

Native to coastal regions of the Caribbean and parts of tropical Florida, Bucida spinosa is a slow-growing evergreen tree adapted to wind, salt, and drought. In nature, it develops a fluted trunk and a finely layered crown — attributes that make it popular in bonsai culture and architectural landscapes alike.

Despite the common name “Black Olive,” it’s not related to true olives (Olea europaea). Its name comes from the small, dark, olive-shaped fruits that follow inconspicuous flowers. Indoors or in container culture, it rarely fruits but retains its characteristic branching geometry and fine-textured canopy.

Collectors value Bucida spinosa for its patience and precision: it responds well to pruning and rewards consistent care with dense, symmetrical growth. Over time, older specimens develop a subtly gnarled, driftwood-like trunk that enhances their sculptural presence.

Cultivation

Light: Full sun to very bright light. The more light it receives, the tighter and more defined its branching becomes. Do not skimp on light! 
Water: Allow the top 1–2 inches of soil to dry before watering. It dislikes standing water but benefits from consistent moisture during active growth.
Humidity: Average household humidity is sufficient; thrives in 40–60%.
Temperature: Warmth-loving — ideal range 65–85°F. Protect from cold drafts or temperatures below 55°F.
Soil: A well-draining mix; equal parts cactus mix, bark, and pumice or perlite mimic its native sandy soils.
Fertilizer: Feed lightly during spring and summer to support leaf density and branching.

Water note for San Francisco: Hetch Hetchy tap water is generally suitable. If mineral deposits appear, flush occasionally with distilled water.

Additional Details

• Origin: Caribbean and coastal tropical Americas

• Growth habit: Upright, slow-growing, naturally tiered

• Leaf: Small, oval, evergreen; may drop leaves briefly when moved or chilled

• Trunk: Develops sculptural form with age

• Bloom/Fruit: Tiny flowers, olive-like fruit (rare indoors)

• Mature size: Up to 3–5 ft in containers; 15–25 ft outdoors in tropical climates

• Rarity: A longtime bonsai and landscape favorite, still uncommon in general houseplant trade